葡萄对SO2伤害的敏感性与吸收SO2途径的探讨

用不同用量的SO2对8个葡萄品种进行处理,研究了葡萄对SO2伤害的敏感性与吸收SO2的途径。结果表明,不同品种葡萄对SO2的敏感性及伤害部位不同,8个待测品种按对SO2敏感性的不同可被分为四类;果实中SO2具有累积效应,葡萄对SO2的敏感性不同,吸收SO2的途径和能力也不同。     

超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物组织中26种β-受体激动剂

目的建立超高压液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定猪肝、鸭肝中26种β-受体激动剂的检测方法。方法样品经三氯乙酸溶液提取,低温离心后,上清液用MCX固相萃取柱净化,Waters ACQUITY UPLCTMBEH C18色谱柱分离,以甲醇和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,UPLC-MS/MS进行测定,基质加标标准曲线法定量。结果该方法的平均回收率为76.4%~115.4%,RSD15.0%,方法的定量限为0.1~0.7μg/kg。结论该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性良好,适用于动物性食品中β-受体激动剂的快速检测。     

富硒乳酸菌对肝损伤大鼠免疫细胞功能活动的调节作用研究

目的探讨富硒乳酸菌对CCl4诱导肝损伤大鼠的免疫调节和保护机制。方法：选用80只健康成年大鼠，随机分成对照组(C组)、CCh组、CCl4-低剂量富硒乳酸菌制剂保护组(CCl4-LSe组)，CCl4-高剂量富硒乳酸菌制剂保护组(CCl4-HSe组)，通过隔日腹腔注射CCl4诱发肝损伤，连续4w。结果：整个实验期内，富硒乳酸菌制剂能显著提高肝损伤a组织匀浆GSH—Px活性；CCl4组肝组织匀浆MDA含量显著升高，而CCl4-LSe和CCl4-HSe组与C组接近；CCl4-LSe和CCl4-HSe组RBC-CR1花环率均较CCl4组高或显著高；CCl4组RBC—IC花环率显著上升，而EEl4-LSe和CCl4-HSe组与C组接近，明显低于CCl4组；CCl4-LSe和CCl4-HSe组T-淋巴细胞(％)与C组差异不显著，而CCl4组下降明显，B-淋巴细胞(％)与T-淋巴细胞(％)变化相反；CCl4组血液和脾脏NK细胞活性均显著低于C组，而CCl4-LSe和CCl4-HSe组均高于CCl4组，与C组比较差异不显著。结论：富硒乳酸菌制剂可能通过抗损伤保护，干预肝损伤脂质过氧化反应，改善和提高免疫细胞功能活动发挥正常有效的作用。     

燕麦多糖对小鼠急性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨燕麦多糖对体积分数70%乙醇溶液致小鼠急性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用。方法：60 只雄性昆明小鼠随机均等分为正常组,模型组,阳性组（西米替丁100 mg/kg mb）,燕麦多糖低、中、高剂量组（100、200、400 mg/kg mb）,分别灌胃相应受试物;14 d后采用体积分数70%乙醇溶液建立急性胃黏膜损伤模型,测定脏器指数并进行胃黏膜损伤评价,同时测定胃液pH值、血清NO浓度及胃组织中白细胞介素10（interlrukin-10,IL-10）、脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）、血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）水平及胃蛋白酶活力。结果：与模型组相比,燕麦多糖各剂量组小鼠胃黏膜损伤明显减轻,燕麦多糖高剂量组效果最好,胃黏膜损伤抑制率达76.04%,各剂量燕麦多糖均能提高胃液pH值,血清NO浓度以及胃组织GSH、VEGF质量浓度和SOD活力,降低胃组织胃蛋白酶活力和LPS质量浓度,其中高剂量燕麦多糖对以上指标的改善效果显著。结论：燕麦多糖对乙醇致小鼠急性胃黏膜损伤具有明显的保护作用,其中燕麦多糖高剂量组保护效果最佳,作用机制可能和燕麦多糖能够使胃液pH值、血清NO浓度、胃组织VEGF质量浓度增加,LPS质量浓度、胃蛋白酶活力降低及胃黏膜抗氧化能力提高有关。     

Religion and spirituality in rehabilitation outcomes among individuals with traumatic brain injury.

Objective: The long-term consequences of traumatic brain injury affect millions of Americans, many of whom report using religion and spirituality to cope. Little research, however, has investigated how various elements of the religious and spiritual belief systems affect rehabilitation outcomes. The present study sought to assess the use of specifically defined elements of religion and spirituality as psychosocial resources in a sample of traumatically brain injured adults. Participants: The sample included 88 adults with brain injury from 1 to 20 years post injury and their knowledgeable significant others (SOs). The majority of the participants with brain injury were male (76%), African American (75%) and Christian (76%). Measures: Participants subjectively reported on their religious/spiritual beliefs and psychosocial resources as well as their current physical and psychological status. Significant others reported objective rehabilitation outcomes. Analyses: Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to determine the proportion of variance in outcomes accounted for by demographic, injury related, psychosocial and religious/spiritual variables. Results: The results indicate that religious well-being (a sense of connection to a higher power) was a unique predictor for life satisfaction, distress and functional ability whereas public religious practice and existential well-being were not. Conclusions: The findings of this project indicate that specific facets of religious and spiritual belief systems do play direct and unique roles in predicting rehabilitation outcomes whereas religious activity does not. Notably, a self-reported individual connection to a higher power was an extremely robust predictor of both subjective and objective outcome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Changes during fishing season in the fat content and fatty acid profile of edible muscle,liver and gonads of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) caught in the Turkish Black Sea

This study aimed to determine the fat content and fatty acid (FA) composition of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus, 1758) in their edible muscle, liver and gonad during the catching season (between September 2008 and April 2009) in The Black Sea Region, Turkey. The most abundant FAs in all samples were palmitic acid (ranged as 15.93–27.34%) amongst saturated fatty acids (SFAs), oleic acid (10.72–21.37%) amongst monounsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (5.28–14.11%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (9.83–22.34%) amongst polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). At the beginning of winter, significant increase in edible muscle and liver’s PUFAs and ∑n3/∑n6 were observed (P < 0.05). The highest contents of ∑PUFAs for muscle and liver were observed in January as 38.52% and 38.82%, respectively, while highest n3/n6 ratios were found in April as 10.13% for muscle and in January for liver samples as 9.15%. This study indicates that anchovy is a good nutritional source for human consumption with high contents of omega 3 fatty acids, particularly during winter. In November, about 130 g of anchovy edible meat is found to be in the satisfactory level for EPA + DHA according to the recommended weekly requirement.     

Cytotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles differs in four liver cells from human and rat

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) are the important nanoscale components of composites. Although TiO₂ NPs and their related nanocomposites have been widely used in industrial and medical applications, the adverse effects of TiO₂ nanomaterials have not been well studied. Here, we investigated the cytotoxicity of TiO₂ NPs in vitro using four liver cell lines: human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (SMMC-7721), human liver cell line (HL-7702), rat hepatocarcinoma cell line (CBRH-7919) and rat liver cell line (BRL-3A). We checked cell viability, cell morphology, and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) after TiO₂ exposure at varying concentrations (0.1–100 μg/mL) and different exposure periods of time (12–48 h). Compared to the NP-free control, all four cell lines exposed to TiO₂ NPs showed cytotoxicity in a dosage-dependent and time-dependent manner, which was associated with the changes of cell viability and cell morphology, increased intercellular ROS levels, and decreased intracellular GSH levels. Further, we observed that carcinomatous liver cells and human liver cells exhibited more tolerance to TiO₂ NPs exposure for 24 h, compared to normal liver cells and rat liver cells, respectively. The results indicate that the in vitro cytotoxicity induced by NPs should be assessed with great caution before the use of nanocomposites and that there is a need to standardize the cytotoxicity testing procedure of nanoscale components in composites when using different cell lines.     

Three-dimensional visualization and physiologic evaluation of bile canaliculi in the rat liver slice by confocal laser scanning microscopy.

We evaluated the morphology and physiologic function of the bile canaliculi (BC) in the rat liver slice (RLS) by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Lucifer yellow (LY) dye was injected into the RLS, and the distribution of LY was serially evaluated. After the injection of LY, hepatocytes were initially visualized, followed by visualization of the BC. There was no significant difference in the distribution of LY between zones 1 and 3 in the hepatic lobule. In zone 1, the reticular distribution of the BC was observed, whereas the part of BC was linearly visualized in zone 3 along the course of sinusoids. When changes in the bile canalicular fluorescence (BCF) were serially evaluated, the BCF was decreased to the minimal level (88% of the value obtained immediately after the LY injection) 10 min after the LY injection, and it tended to increase thereafter. The intralobular hepatocyte fluorescence (ILHF) was decreased to 58.9% of the initial value during the first 40 min. However, the ILHF was transiently increased 30 min after the LY injection, suggesting the possibility of reabsorption of LY by hepatocytes. Three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction images of the BC facilitated the evaluation of the stereoscopic structure of BC. Confocal laser scanning microscopy facilitated the evaluation of structures and physiologic function of the BC.     

Peripheral Nerve Injuries and Transplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells for Axonal Regeneration and Remyelination: Fact or Fiction?

Successful nerve regeneration after nerve trauma is not only important for the restoration of motor and sensory functions, but also to reduce the potential for abnormal sensory impulse generation that can occur following neuroma formation. Satisfying functional results after severe lesions are difficult to achieve and the development of interventional methods to achieve optimal functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is of increasing clinical interest. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have been used to improve axonal regeneration and functional outcome in a number of studies in spinal cord injury models. The rationale is that the OECs may provide trophic support and a permissive environment for axonal regeneration. The experimental transplantation of OECs to support and enhance peripheral nerve regeneration is much more limited. This chapter reviews studies using OECs as an experimental cell therapy to improve peripheral nerve regeneration.